Current Strategies to Improve Efficiency of Recombinant Subunit Vaccines

Recombinant subunit vaccines for soil-transmitted helminths

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) collectively infect one fourth of all human beings, and the majority of livestock in the developing world. These gastrointestinal nematodes are the most important parasites on earth with regard to their prevalence in humans and livestock. Current anthelmintic drugs are losing their efficacies due to increasing drug resistance, particularly in STHs of livestock ...

Recombinant Subunit Vaccines against Neospora caninum

Strategies to Improve Rumen Microbial Efficiency

Though hidden from view, the rumen and its microbes hold a central role in feeding of cattle. During ruminal fermentation, microbes break down fiber and other feed components and produce volatile fatty acids (VFA). In the process, microbes generate adenosine-tri-phosphate (ATP, energy) for themselves, then harness part of this ATP to produce microbial protein. The VFA so produced meet up to 70%...

Vaccines against Human Carcinomas: Strategies to Improve Antitumor Immune Responses

Multiple observations in preclinical and clinical studies support a role for the immune system in controlling tumor growth and progression. Various components of the innate and adaptive immune response are able to mediate tumor cell destruction; however, certain immune cell populations can also induce a protumor environment that favors tumor growth and the development of metastasis. Moreover, t...

Pneumococcal vaccines: an update on current strategies.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants, children and the elderly. Despite the availability of excellent antimicrobial therapy and adequate health care systems, respiratory diseases and invasive infections caused by pneumococci still comprise a major health problem. The emerging resistance to penicillin and other commonly used antibiotics underscores the ...